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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Prof. D.E. Manolopoulos
Michaelmas Term - 10 Lectures - First Year
1 The First Law.
- Work, heat, and energy. The conservation of energy. Internal
energy. State functions and exact differentials. Expansion
work. Reversible and irreversible changes. Heat capacity.
Enthalpy. Thermochemistry. Reaction enthalpy. Enthalpy of
formation. Temperature dependence of reaction enthalpy.
2 The Second Law.
- The direction of spontaneous change. Entropy. The criteria
of equilibrium. Entropy of phase transition. The variation
of entropy with pressure and temperature. The Third Law.
The statistical interpretation of entropy.
3 Free energy.
- The Helmholtz and Gibbs energies. Available work. The
variation of Gibbs energy with pressure and temperature.
The chemical potential. Activities.
4 Phase equilibria.
- The conditions of equilibrium. The Clapeyron equation.
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation. One-component phase diagrarns.
Chemical equilibria. The extent of reaction. Conditions
for equilibrium. Chemical potential of a species in a mixture.
Gibbs energy of formation. Reaction Gibbs energy. The variation
of Gibbs energy with composition. The reaction quotient.
The equilibrium constant. Electrochemical processes. The
Nernst equation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
An introduction to the concepts treated in the lectures will
be found in P.W. Atkins, The elements of physical chemistry,
OUP, 2001 (3rd edition) The level of understanding expected
is that found in P.W. Atkins, Physical chemistry, OUP, 1998
(6th edition), which also contains numerous exercises and
problems.
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