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SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Prof. P.P. Edwards and Dr. S.J. Clarke
Michaelmas Term - Third Year (8 lectures)
This course of 8 third year lectures builds on the 4 lectures
on solids delivered last term by Dr. S. Friedrichs. It covers
material that may be examined in the General Inorganic Chemistry
IB paper.
1. Synthesis of solids. High temperature solid-solid
reactions. Phase diagrams in synthesis. Precursor and other
low temperature methods. Kinetic versus thermodynamic control
of reaction products. Intercalation chemistry as an example
of the synthesis of metastable materials - graphite, layered
chalcogenides. C60,. Li - ion batteries. Topotactic reactions.
Nucleation vs. diffusion control in synthesis. (SJC)
2. Zeolites and porous solids. Zeolite structures based
on the sodalite cage. Templating and zeolite synthesis. Pores
and channels in zeolites. Ion exchange. Generation of Bronsted
and Lewis acid sites in zeolites. Shape-selective catalysis.
Aluminophosphates. Mesoporous solids. (RGE)
3. Defects in ionic solids. Schottky and Frenkel defects.
Thermodynamics of degect formation. Ionic conductivity and
"fast" ion conductors, illustrated by examples of
AgI, 2O3 and Y-doped ZrO2. (RGE)
4. Defects and non-stochiometry. F centres in alkali
halides. Gross non-stoichiometry: case histories of WO3-x
and Fe1-x0. Influence of non-stoichiometry on electronic structure.
(RGE)
5. Experimental techniques for study of defects. Outline
of experimental techniques used to study defects - diffraction,
EXAFS, solid state NMR, electron microscopy (without detail
on the techniques: focus is on information they provide).
(PDB)
6. Breakdown of the band model. Mott-Hubbard and charge
transfer insulators. Localised moments. Introduction to antiferromagnetic
ordering in solids - superexchange. Doping Mott Hubbrad insulators.
(RGE)
7. Electronic doping in solids. General principles
and specific examples chosen from areas of group .
IV, III-V, oxide and sulfide semiconductors. The onset of
metallic conductivity in doped solids. (RGE).
8. Superconductivity. The phenomenon of superconductivity
– type I and type II superconductors. Survey of materials
exhibiting superconductivity. Outline of BCS model, illustrated
by its application to doped fullerenes. (SJC)
General references.
* A.R. West. Solid state chemistry and its applications. Wiley
1984.
A good all round text, dealing with all aspects of solid state.
* A.R. West. Basic Solid State Chemistry. Wiley 1984, 1999
A shorter version of the above. Subject to more recent revision.
* L. Smart and E. . Moore. Solid State Chemistry, Wiley 1995
( 2nd edition)
Electronic structure and bonding in solids.
* P.A. Cox. The electronic structure and chemistry of solids.
OUP 1987.
A good general introduction pitched at a very accessible level.
* J.K. Burdett. Chemical Bonding in Solids. OUP 1995.
A more advanced text, treating a wide range of chemically
interesting examples.
* C. Kittel. Introduction to solid state physics. Wiley, several
editions available.
An excellent introduction to underlying physical principles.
Defects and non-stoichiometry.
* N.N. Greenwood. Ionic crystals, lattice defects and non-stoichiometry.
Butterworths 1968.
Dated and out of print but very sound.
* R.J.D. Tilley, Principles and Applications of Chemical Defects
Stanley Thornes, 1998
Probably the best single text now available on this topic.
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