|
APPENDIX |
|||
|
Substance |
D H0298 kcal mol-1 |
D G0298 kcal mol-1 |
S0298 cal deg-1 mol-1 |
|
H (g) |
52.089 |
48.575 |
27.393 |
|
H+ (aq) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
H2 (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
31.211 |
|
Li (g) |
37.07 |
29.19 |
33.143 |
|
Li (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.70 |
|
Li+ (aq) |
—66.554 |
—70.22 |
3.4 |
|
LiF (s) |
—146.3 |
—139.6 |
8.57 |
|
LiCl (s) |
—97.70 |
—91.7 |
(13.2) |
|
LiBr (s) |
—83.72 |
—81.2 |
(16.5) |
|
Na (g) |
25.98 |
18.67 |
36.715 |
|
Na (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.2 |
|
Na+ (aq) |
—57.279 |
—62.589 |
14.4 |
|
Na2O (s) |
—99.4 |
—90.0 |
17.4 |
|
NaOH(aq) |
—112.24 |
—100.18 |
11.9 |
|
NaF (s) |
—136.0 |
—129.3 |
14.0 |
|
NaCl (s) |
—98.232 |
—91.785 |
17.3 |
|
NaBr (s) |
—86.030 |
—83.1 |
|
|
NaI (s) |
—68.84 |
—56.7 |
|
|
Na2CO3 (s) |
—270.3 |
—250.4 |
32.5 |
|
K (g) |
21.51 |
14.62 |
38.296 |
|
K (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
15.2 |
|
K+ ( aq ) |
—60.04 |
—67.46 |
24.5 |
|
Rb (g) |
20.51 |
13.35 |
40.628 |
|
Rb ( s ) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16.6 |
|
Rb+ (aq) |
—58.9 |
—67.45 |
29.7 |
|
Cs (g) |
18.83 |
12.24 |
41.944 |
|
Cs (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
19.8 |
|
Cs+(aq) |
—59.2 |
—67.41 |
31.8 |
|
Be(g) |
76.63 |
67.60 |
32.545 |
|
Be(s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.28 |
|
Be2+ (aq) |
—93 |
—85.2 |
|
|
Mg (g) |
35.9 |
27.6 |
35.504 |
|
Mg (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.77 |
|
Mg2+ (aq) |
—110.41 |
—108.99 |
—28.2 |
|
MgO (s) |
—143.84 |
—136.13 |
6.4 |
|
MgCl2 (s) |
—153.40 |
—141.57 |
21.4 |
|
MgCl.6H2O ( s ) |
—597.42 |
—505.65 |
87.5 |
|
Ca (g) |
46.04 |
37.98 |
36.99 |
|
Ca (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.95 |
|
Ca2+ (aq) |
—129.77 |
—132.18 |
—13.2 |
|
CaCO3 (s,calcite) |
—288.45 |
—269.78 |
22.2 |
|
CaCO3 (s,aragonite) |
—288.49 |
—269.53 |
21.2 |
|
Sr (g) |
39.2 |
26.3 |
39.325 |
|
Sr (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.0 |
|
Sr2+(aq) |
—130.38 |
—133.2 |
—9.4 |
|
Ba (g) |
41.96 |
34.60 |
40.699 |
|
Ba(s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16 |
|
Ba2+(aq) |
—128.67 |
—134.0 |
3 |
|
BaO (s) |
—133.4 |
—126.3 |
16.8 |
|
BaCO3 (s) |
—291.3 |
—272.2 |
26.8 |
|
Mn(s) |
0.0 |
0.00 |
7.59 |
|
Mn2+ (aq) |
—52.3 |
—53.4 |
—20.0 |
|
MnO2 (s) |
—124.5 |
—111.4 |
12.7 |
|
Fe (g) |
96.68 |
85.76 |
43.11 |
|
Fe (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.49 |
|
Fe2+ (aq) |
—21.0 |
—20.30 |
—27.1 |
|
Fe3+ (aq) |
—11.4 |
—2.53 |
—70.1 |
|
Fe2O3 (s, hematite) |
—196.5 |
—177.1 |
21.5 |
|
Fe3O4 (s, magnetite) |
—267.9 |
—242.4 |
35.0 |
|
Ni (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.2 |
|
Ni2+ (s) |
—15.3 |
—11.1 |
—38.1 |
|
Cu(g) |
81.52 |
72.04 |
39.744 |
|
Cu (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.96 |
|
Cu+(aq) |
(12.4) |
12.0 |
(—6.3) |
|
Cu2+ (aq) |
15.39 |
15.53 |
—23.6 |
|
CuS04 (S) |
—184.00 |
—158.2 |
27.1 |
|
Ag (g) |
69.12 |
59.84 |
41.3221 |
|
Ag (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.206 |
|
AgCl (s) |
—30.362 |
—26.224 |
22.97 |
|
AgNO2 (s) |
—10.605 |
4.744 |
30.62 |
|
AgNO3 (s) |
—29.43 |
—7.69 |
33.68 |
|
Zn (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.95 |
|
Zn2+(aq) |
—36.43 |
_35.18 |
—25.45 |
|
ZnO (s) |
—83.17 |
—75.06 |
10.5 |
|
Hg (g) |
14.54 |
7.59 |
41.80 |
|
Hg(l) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
18.5 |
|
HgCl.) (s) |
—55.0 |
—44.4 |
(34.5) |
|
Hg2CI2 (s) |
—63.32 |
—50.35 |
46.8 |
|
B (g) |
97.2 |
86.7 |
36.649 |
|
B (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.56 |
|
Al (g) |
75.0 |
65.3 |
39.303 |
|
Al (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.769 |
|
Al3+ (aq) |
—125.4 |
—115.0 |
—74.9 |
|
AlCl3 (s) |
—166.2 |
—152.2 |
40 |
|
C (g) |
171.698 |
160.845 |
37.761 |
|
C (s, diamond) |
0.4532 |
0.6850 |
0.5829 |
|
C (s, graphite) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.3609 |
|
CO (g) |
-26.4157 |
-32.8079 |
47.301 |
|
CO2 (g) |
-94.0518 |
-94.2598 |
51.061 |
|
CO2 (aq) |
—98.69 |
—92.31 |
29.0 |
|
CH4 (g) |
—17.889 |
—12.140 |
44.50 |
|
CF4 (g) |
—223.00 |
—212.34 |
62.50 |
|
CCl4 (g) |
-24.00 |
—13.92 |
74.12 |
|
C2H2 (g) |
54.194 |
50.0 |
47.997 |
|
C2H4 (g) |
12.496 |
16.282 |
52.45 |
|
C2H6 (g) |
—20.236 |
—7.860 |
54.85 |
|
C2H6(g) cyclopropane |
12.74 |
24.95 |
56.75 |
|
C3H8 (g) |
—24.82 |
—5.61 |
64.51 |
|
C4H8 (g) cyclobutane |
6.37 |
26.30 |
63.43 |
|
n-C4Hl0 (g) |
—29.81 |
—3.75 |
74.10 |
|
i-C4Hl0 (g) |
—31.45 |
—4.30 |
70.42 |
|
C5Hl0 (g) cyclopentane |
—18.46 |
9.23 |
70.00 |
|
C6H6 (g) |
19.820 |
30.989 |
64.34 |
|
C6H6 (l) |
11.718 |
29.756 |
41.30 |
|
C6H12 (g) cyclohexane |
—29.43 |
7.59 |
71.28 |
|
n-C8H18 (g) |
—49.82 |
3.92 |
111.55 |
|
n-C8H18 (l) |
—59-74 |
1.55 |
86.23 |
|
HCOOH (g) |
—86.67 |
—80.24 |
60.0 |
|
HCOOH (l) |
—97.8 |
—82.7 |
30.82 |
|
HCOOH (aq) |
—98.0 |
—85.1 |
39.1 |
|
HCOO- (aq) |
—98.0 |
—80.0 |
21.9 |
|
H2CO3 (aq) |
—167.0 |
—149.00 |
45.7 |
|
H2CO3 (aq) |
—165.18 |
—140.31 |
22.7 |
|
C032- (aq) |
—161.63 |
—126.22 |
—12.7 |
|
CH3COOH (l) |
—116.4 |
—93.8 |
38.2 |
|
CH3COOH (aq) |
—116.743 |
—95.51 |
|
|
CH3COO- (aq) |
—116.843 |
—89.02 |
|
|
HCHO (g) |
—27.7 |
—26.2 |
52.26 |
|
HCHO (aq) |
|
—31.0 |
|
|
CH3OH (g) |
—48.10 |
—38.70 |
56.8 |
|
CH3OH (l) |
—57.036 |
—39.75 |
30.3 |
|
CH3OH (aq) |
—58.77 |
—41.88 |
31.63 |
|
CH3OCH3 (g) |
—43.99 |
—26.99 |
63.83 |
|
C2H5OH (g) |
—56.27 |
—40.30 |
67.4 |
|
C2H5OH (l) |
—66.356 |
—41.77 |
38.4 |
|
CH3CHO (g) |
—39.76 |
—31.96 |
63.5 |
|
CH3CHO (aq) |
—49.88 |
|
|
|
C6H12O6 (s) glucose |
—301.2 |
—219.7 |
69.04 |
|
C18H32O2 (s) stearic acid |
—226.8 |
||
|
Si (g) |
88.04 |
77.41 |
40.120 |
|
Si (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.47 |
|
SiO2 (s, quartz) |
—205.4 |
—192.4 |
10.00 |
|
Ge (g) |
78.44 |
69.50 |
40.106 |
|
Ge (s) |
o 0 |
0.0 |
10.14 |
|
Sn (g) |
72 |
64 |
40.245 |
|
Sn (s, gray) |
0.6 |
1.1 |
10.7 |
|
Sn (s, white) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.3 |
|
Pb (g) |
46.34 |
38.47 |
41.890 |
|
Pb (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
15.51 |
|
Pb2+ (aq) |
0.39 |
—5.81 |
5.1 |
|
PbSO4 (s) |
—219.50 |
—193.89 |
35.2 |
|
PbO2 (s) |
—66.12 |
—52.34 |
18.3 |
|
N (g) |
112.965 |
108.870 |
36.6145 |
|
N2 (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
45.767 |
|
NO (g) |
21.600 |
20.719 |
50.339 |
|
NO2 (g) |
8.091 |
12.390 |
57.47 |
|
NO2 (aq) |
—25.4 |
—8.25 |
29.9 |
|
NO- (aq) |
—49.372 |
—26.43 |
35.0 |
|
N2O |
19.49 |
24.76 |
52.58 |
|
N204 (g) |
2.309 |
23.491 |
72.73 |
|
N2O5 (s) |
—10.0 |
32 |
27.1 |
|
HNO (I) |
—41.40 |
—19.10 |
37.19 |
|
HNO3 (aq) |
—49.37 |
—26.41 |
35.0 |
|
NH3 (g) |
—11.04 |
—3.976 |
46.01 |
|
NH3 (aq) |
—19.32 |
—6.36 |
26.3 |
|
NH4 (aq) |
—31.74 |
—19.00 |
26.97 |
|
NH4Cl (s) |
—75.38 |
—48.73 |
22.6 |
|
(NH4)2SO4 (s) |
—281.86 |
—215.19 |
52.65 |
|
(NH2)2CO (s) |
—79.63 |
_47.12 |
25.00 |
|
(NH2)2CO (aq) |
—76.30 |
—48.72 |
41.55 |
|
P (g) |
75.18 |
66.71 |
38.98 |
|
P (s, white) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.6 |
|
P (s, red) |
—4.4 |
—3-3 |
(7-0) |
|
P4 (g) |
13.12 |
5.82 |
66.90 |
|
PCl3 (g) |
—73.22 |
—68.42 |
74.49 |
|
PCl5 (g) |
—95.35 |
-77.57 |
84.3 |
|
As (g) |
60.64 |
50.74 |
41.62 |
|
As (s, grey metal) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.4 |
|
As4 (g) |
35.7 |
25.2 |
69 |
|
O (g) |
59.159 |
54.994 |
38.469 |
|
O2 (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
49.003 |
|
O3(g) |
34.0 |
39.06 |
56.8 |
|
OH- (aq) |
—54.957 |
—37.595 |
—2.52 |
|
H20 (g) |
—57.798 |
—54.635 |
45.106 |
|
H2O ( I) |
—68.317 |
—56.690 |
16.716 |
|
S (g) |
53.25 |
43.57 |
40.085 |
|
S (s, rhombic) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.62 |
|
S (s, monoclinic) |
0.071 |
0.023 |
7.78 |
|
SO2 (g) |
—70.96 |
-71.79 |
— |
|
S2- (aq) |
10.0 |
20.0 |
|
|
S042- (aq) |
—216.90 |
—177.34 |
4.1 |
|
H2S (g) |
—4.815 |
—7.892 |
49.15 |
|
H2S (aq) |
—9 4 |
—6.54 |
29.2 |
|
F (g) |
18.3 |
14.2 |
37.917 |
|
F- (aq) |
—78.66 |
—66.08 |
—2.3 |
|
F2 (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
48.6 |
|
HF (g) |
—64.2 |
—64.7 |
41.47 |
|
Cl (g) |
29.012 |
25.192 |
39.457 |
|
Cl- (aq) |
—40.023 |
—31.350 |
13.2 |
|
Cl2 (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
53.286 |
|
HCl (g) |
—22.063 |
—22.769 |
44.617 |
|
HCl (aq) |
—40.023 |
—31.350 |
13.2 |
|
Br (g) |
26.71 |
19.69 |
41.8052 |
|
Br- (aq) |
—28.90 |
—24.574 |
19.29 |
|
Br2 (g) |
7.34 |
0.751 |
58.639 |
|
Br2 (I) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
36.4 |
|
HBr (g) |
—8.66 |
—12.72 |
47.437 |
|
I (g) |
25.482 |
16.766 |
43.184 |
|
I- (aq) |
—13.37 |
—12.35 |
26.14 |
|
I2 (g) |
14.876 |
4.63 |
62.280 |
|
I2 (s) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
27.9 |
|
I2 (aq) |
5.0 |
3.926 |
|
|
HI (g) |
6.2 |
0.31 |
49.314 |
|
ICl (g) |
4.2 |
—1.32 |
59.12 |
|
IBr (g) |
9.75 |
0.91 |
61.8 |
|
He (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
30.13 |
|
Ne (g) |
0.0 |
0 0 |
34 45 |
|
Ar (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
36.98 |
|
Kr (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
39.19 |
|
Xe(g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4053 |
|
Rn (g) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
42.10 |