Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

The aromatic system of benzene and other aromatics can act as a nucleophile to attack an electrophile, in this example 'E'. Loss of a proton regains the system its aromaticity. The cationic intermediate can be stabilised by delocalisation of the positive charge around the six membered ring. The rate determining step of the reaction is commonly the formation of the cationic intermediate.