A negatively charged ion
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The electrode at which oxidation occurs in a cell. Anions migrate to
the anode.
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The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the
external pressure on the liquid.
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The electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations migrate to the cathode
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A positively charged ion
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Free energy change per mole of a specific reactant |
Properties of a solution which depend on the number of solute molecules
present but not on the nature of the solvent. Examples are osmotic pressure,
vapor pressure,freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.
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Oxidation of a metal.
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The selective passage of ions and small molecules, over proteins. |
Free energy change per mole |
The passgae of a strong electric current through a molten ionic compound
resulting in decomposition of compound into its elements, eg NaCl into
Sodium metal and Chlorine gas
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Interactions arising due to partial or whole charges on neighbouring
atoms or molecules |
Dynamic equilibrium is established when two opposing forces are
occuring at the same rate, so there is no apparent change in the system
over long periods of time. |
Tendency of a substance to move from one chemical region to another.
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Energy that is available to do useful work. A decrease in free energy
accompanies any spontaneous process.
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Whe the processes of freezing and thawing are in equilibrium |
Zinc plating a metal which has a less negative reduction potential
will protect the metal as the zinc is oxidised in preference. This is
called galvanising |
Weak ionic attraction formed when a hydrogen atom carrying a partial
positive charge is near a small O, N or F atom which is carrying an excess
negative charge |
Concentration measured as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
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Concentration measures as moles of solute per litre of solution
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An amount equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of
the C12
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Concentration of a substance in a mixture measured as moles of the substance
per mole of complete mixture.
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Passage of solvent molecules from a dilute solution through a semipermeable
membrane to a more concentrated solution
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Pressure which must be applied to a solution to prevent water from flowing
in via a semi-permeable membrane
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The loss (or partial loss) of one or more electrons by an atom, molecule
or ion.
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The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that it would exert if
it occupied the container alone.
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Polar molecules have an uneven charge distribution over their surface
as the bonding electron pair sit closer to one atom than the other, one
example is Water. Nonpolar molecules have an even charge distribution
such as methane.
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The gain (or partial gain) of one or more electrons by an atom, molecule
or ion.
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The reduction potential for any substance is the cell reaction for theat
substance in combiination with the Standard Hydrogen Electode.
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A membrane that allows some but not all of the components in a mixture
to pass through it. Semipermeable membranes are used in dialysis.
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Spontaneous processes do not require work to be done in order to occur.
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These are interactions between molecules which leave their chemical identis
unchanged such as the interactions between the partial charges on polar
molecules.
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The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure above the liquid when
the liquid and vapor phases are in dynamic equilibrium.
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