Diarylcarbenes have been shown to be suitable for the surface modification of a diverse range of polymers, including low surface energy materials, and this allows the modification of surface macroscopic effects, exemplified by changes in wetting behaviour, pH sensing, and bactericidal activity. Polymer surface modification can be used for the modification of low surface energy materials. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.